Research Proposal Essay

I would like to write about a famous Arabic writer, Naguib Mahfouz. His poetry and works inspire me a lot and I enjoy reading his things. My father always used to read them to me, because his poems were true. Mahfouz always talks about the issues affecting the people of Egypt: generational, historical, religious, and political. Egyptians always have something going on. With his writings, Mahfouz’s introduces the reader to Egyptian reformers and modern and traditional characters as they change. We all know that as a country Egypt constantly reforms, even at an early age, Mahfouz has been able to capture hints of revolution. Mahfouz’s novels are stories of love, ethics, moral responsibility, and crises that characterize a culture that has had many changes. His stories talk about and describe the lives of ordinary individuals caught in struggles of identity and religion. His fictional work paint a picture of Egyptian Muslims that are ruled by their own culture, as well as those they encounter as a result of the outside influence of colonialism. This simultaneity allows Mahfouz to depict the contemporary Egyptian identity as both modern and traditional. In Naguib Mahfouz’s short story â€Å"Zaabalawi† there see a young man in search of the mysterious Zaabalawi, because he afflicted with a disease which doctors are unable to cure. Zaabalawi is known to cure illnesses, a holy man that has healing powers. Zaabalawi is like a mysterious figure that has some strange powers to accomplish the impossible. While in this search, the protagonist visits a variety of figures including a religious lawyer, a book seller, a government officer, a calligrapher, and a musician. Not able to find any definite answers as to the whereabouts of Zaabalawi, he begins to doubt his existence. Eventually, however, while in a drunken sleep in a tavern, he dreams that he is in a beautiful garden and experiences a state of harmony and contentment. He awakes to find that Zaabalawi was with him but has now disappeared again. Though upset at having missed him, the main character is encouraged by his dream and determines to continue his search for Zaabalawi. In this story the author uses symbolism to convey his message to his audience, that the quest to find Zaabalawi is a journey into our souls in search of the inner peace that inside us. Mahfouz uses a lot symbolic meanings, such as irony, that is why I want to write about this work. I have always been drawn to these types of writing. Annotated Bibliography 1. Aboul-Ela, Hosam. â€Å"The Writer Becomes Text: Naguib Mahfouz and State Nationalism in Egypt.† Biography: An Interdisciplinary Quarterly, 27:2 (2004 Spring), pp. 339-56. – I chose Prof. Aboul Ela because his work because it’s easy to read and very simple, some of the other materials was a bit too hard to put together. 2. Naguib Mahfouz. â€Å"The Happy Man† ONE WORLD OF LITERATURE Shirley Geok-Lin Kim and Norman A. Spencer. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1993. p.46-p.53 – Im using this source because it’s going to help me explain other literary works of Naguib Mahfouz in this essay. 3. Modern Egyptian Short Stories by El-Gabalawy, Saad (trans.) (Najib Mahfouz, Youssef Idris, Saad Elkhadem) ISBN: 0919966039 – Im using this other source because of the type of writing. This book explains how Mahfouz writes his stories, and what he uses in terms of grammar and how he builds the story, symbolism and irony. 4. http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/mahfouz.htm – This source is going to help me discuss the state of mind of Naguib Mahfouz when he wrote his books. It explains how Mahfouz became a beginning of an era not only in the Egyptian literature but also in the Arab literature.He was always lonely, maybe that’s the reason why his writings were always kind of sad.

Beowulf Paper

This old Chinese Proverb has stood the test of time and is true today as it was in the 1 100's. Like the rest of us, Beowulf endured a Journey. Although filled with much more peril and hardships than the average adult, Beowulf ultimately reached his destination. This begs the question, which is more important†¦ the Journey, or the destination? Having a healthy focus on both the Journey and the destination allows one to reach the desired goal ith the same enthusiasm as you started.Lines 690-693 illustrates how Beowulf focused on the Journey of acquiring riches and essentially wasted his life when he, while grasping for his last breath, told Wiglaf â€Å"l sold my life for this treasure, and I sold it well. Take what I leave, Wiglaf, lead my people, help them; my time is gone† (47). During his heroic life, Beowulf was, by todays standards, ‘The Man. ‘ Every individual with a fear looked up to this great leader, as he traveled from kingdom to kingdom destroying e vil. As inspiring as this as, he lacked the one key factor to being truly successful-a goal.Having a goal, or destination, is as important as the Journey itself. Giving yourself closure to the whole purpose of your actions will leave you with a feeling of success and a reason for your hard work. Beowulf lacked this, and led a life of blind deeds. Although helpful to his followers, he died a truly unhappy man, as inferred from the previous quote. Beowulf needed to have a set goal; a life he envisioned living after he was done kicking butt. This gives purpose and a drive behind everything he did. Instead, he lived an awe- inspiring Journey, but never set a destination to make him truly happy.There is a plus side to his mistake, though. We can take what has been learned the hard way by our friend Beowulf and apply this to our own lives. Nothing can beat the feeling of success. It doesn't matter if the scale dropped a couple numbers, or that pesky center dot is finally demolished in the shooting range. The feeling of accomplishing the set goals cannot be overlooked. Now, that may seem easy, but the amount of effort and practice required to reach that success is as mportant as the feeling itself.This is the Journey versus destination taken out of context. In order for the scale to drop (the destination), one must put in lasting effort to get where they want to go (the Journey). More than often, one loses focus on either one of these aspects. This is the cause of failed goals. The importance of balancing focus is difficult, but required for true success. Beowulf stresses the importance of both in lines 365-368: â€Å"He leaped into the lake, would not wait for anyone's answer; the heaving water covered him over.For hours he sank through the waves; At last he saw the mud of the bottom† (38). Now, say Beowulf Jumped into the lake, and halfway through he became so focused on swimming at his best he gets to the destination, and forgets why he is there. Hrothgar a nd the Danes would not be pleased! Alternatively, what if he focused too much on destroying Grendel and his mother that he swims in the wrong direction? Again, it would not end well for the poor Danes. The importance of one's healthy focus is not to be taken lightly. urney, there are many dangers that wait; lurking, ready to destroy all hopes of success. If one was to focus completely on the Journey, they start to lose a sense of who they are. Losing sight of the goal and the purpose behind the goal becomes all too evident. Friends may be lost, because all attention is on the here and now. Likewise, focusing on the destination is Just as dangerous. One loses sight of what is necessary to accomplish the goal; too caught up in what awaits them in the future.Many fall unsuspected to these traps, and are forced to restart and replan. This is most clearly seen in lines 12-18 when Hrothgar thinks he has reached his destination. Then Hrothgar, taking the throne, led the Danes to such glory that comrades and kinsmen swore by his word, and young men swelled his armies, and he thought of greatness and resolved to build a hall that would hold his mighty band and reach higher toward heaven than anything that had ever been known to the sons of man. † (27) Hrothgar thinks he has finished his Journey and reached his destination.Little does he know, Grendel is about to demolish everything he has worked for and ause him to replan everything; including his destination. Finding a healthy balance between the destination and the Journey is crucial to being truly successful in any area of life. It takes great experience to find this, and many have failed. Once this balance is acquired, though, it is more rewarding than anything else, because unity and closure is provided to years of hard work and dedication. The next time New Year's comes around, think of what is needed to finally win against the seemingly unbeatable resolution. Beowulf Paper In the poem Beowulf, translated by Seamus Heaney, Beowulf is the ultimate hero who places himself at great risks to perform multiple acts of courage. Beowulf is the typical heroic story of good verse evil. He has great amounts of physical strength in which he uses to put his life on the line for the entire kingdom. Beowulf’s pursuit moves him from Geatland to Denmark on a quest to help Hrothgar’s kingdom that had been plagued of attacks by an evil monster named Grendel. He also goes on to defeat Grendel’s mother and battles a fire-breathing dragon. Eradicating Grendel and Grendel’s mother bring Justice and peace to the Scandinavian society, while Beowulf receives much fame. The story goes on to define his pursuit of fame through his three main battles, moving from a warrior perspective, to one of a king. Beowulf’s quest brings him to change his responsibilities. The ideals of a once young warrior develop into a more experienced man that comes to rule the community of Geatland. A warrior trying to establish himself in the world ultimately has a goal striving for fame. One seeks fame through bravery in the face of danger, having much strength, despising death, and boasting about their accomplishments (SparkNotes Editors). Beowulf searched for individual fame and glory for his entire life. His pursuit to become a hero was strong enough to take on the evils of the world. He was able to achieve individual fame upon hearing of Hrothgar’s troubles with Grendel. He set sail to gain personal fame and to help the community of Heorot. The people of Hrothgar’s land found Beowulf to be a hero for he was about to rid them of their enemy. But Unferth thinks differently and challenges Beowulf’s stating â€Å"no matter therefore, how you may have fared in every bout and battle until now, this time you’ll be worsted; no one has ever outlasted an entire night against Grendel† (37). Unferth challenges Beowulf’s heroic character. Unferth bitterly attacks Beowulf, which clearly reveals Unferth’s jealously towards him. Unferth feels below Beowulf. He cannot protect his own land because he is afraid of Grendel. Unferth will not be a warrior who obtains fame nor will he be a heroic warrior. No one will remember Unferth as a great legend; rather he falls into a category of one who is bitter (SparkNotes Editors). This goes to show that the quest for fame can lead to harm. In Unferth’s case, the quest for fame led to pride, which involved a desire to be great no matter what. Beowulf desired to be great but his desire for fame was associated with the desire to bring strength and power to one’s people. Beowulf connected fame with generosity and community while Unferth mixed pride up with greed and selfishness, for he wanted to succeed. Beowulf ultimately succeeds in killing Grendel and Grendel’s mother in two heroic battles in which he used his bare hand strength to defeat the two monsters. Beowulf is ultimately a great example of what a hero is. A hero will always fight to win a battle, but does so in a fair manner. Beowulf, for example does not use a sword in the midst of the battle between Grendel and he. â€Å"He began to remove his iron breast-mail, took off the helmet and handed his attendant the patterned sword, a smith’s masterpiece, ordering him to keep the equipment guarded. And before he bedded down, Beowulf, the prince of goodness, proudly asserted: ‘when it comes to fighting, I count myself as dangerous any day as Grendel. So it won’t be a cutting edge I’ll wield. He has no idea of the arts of war, of shield or sword-play, although he does possess a wild strength. No weapons, therefore for either night; unarmed he shall face me if face me he dares’† (47). Instead he uses his very own strength, courage, and ability to kill the enemy. Beowulf is so strong, courageous, faithful and loyal that it can be questioned whether he is truly man or myth. He posse’s hero like strength that is superior to the normal human man. He truly did do whatever he needed to save and protect the people (Beowulf Papers). Death was not a fear that crossed his mind for he was not afraid of it! A hero is one who is not seen very often and there are only a few great heroes that come about in time (Beowulf Papers). They are a step above the average. A hero brought peace to situations that were before seen as impossible and bring joy to many people. A task such as defeating Grendel’s mom’s grip in battle, is one that only a hero could perform for it was impossible for others (SparkNotes Editors). What others deem impossible, a hero makes possible (Beowulf Papers)! Beowulf can ultimately be defined as a hero. Can the reward of fame for being a brave warrior only be achieved through worldly success? It seems that this is true but Hrothgar tries to advice Beowulf of eternal rewards. â€Å"O flower of warriors, beware of the trap. Choose, dear Beowulf, the better part, eternal rewards. Do not give way to pride. For a brief while your strength is in bloom but I fades quickly; and soon there will follow illness or the sword to lay you low, or a sudden fire or surge of water or jabbing blade or javelin from the air or repellent age. Your piercing eye will dim and darken; and death will arrive, dear warrior, to sweep you away†(121). Hrothgar become a father figure to the young Beowulf. He does not want to see Beowulf give way to pride. This piece of advice is jarring with the culture of boasts and reputation that other parts of the poem emphasize (SparkNotes Editors). Life is also brief and he should look towards those rewards that may be eternal rather than the reward of fame. This passage portrays a fragile outlook on Beowulf’s delicate life that can be taken away at any time and the fact that his youth will indeed fade quickly (SparkNotes Editors). He may not only be stabbed which will wound, but he will also lose his youth as time goes on. Beowulf needs to focus on honor, nobility, and leadership, not just on his physical skill and strength (SparkNotes Editors). Beowulf had no fear, and desired personal praise, while Hrothgar had much to lose and valued protecting his people. Each of these two roles filled two different sets of shoes, and each character acted as society expected. With that said, over the course of the poem Beowulf does grow from a courageous warrior to a wise leader. Hrothgar’s speeches emphasized stability and security for his people and this was shown through him building the mead hall for the people to gather. He also demonstrates loyal service to his warriors by giving them lavish gifts and much praise. Beowulf transitions from a young warrior into the King of the Geats and he does exemplify much of the characteristics and values of Hrothgar. At the end of the story though, after fifty years of serving his people, Beowulf encounters a battle with a dragon and this battle conflicts with his warrior and king duties for he was a king and the state needed him. Beowulf, old and tired, defeats the dragon that was frightening all the people, but he does lose his life, leaving the Geats open for attack. Was this the wrong act? It is hard to decipher between the two roles for they were conflicting and the tension between the two was inevitable. Even near death, Beowulf did wish for a lighthouse that be built so people could find there way back from sea showing his never ending concern for the Geats. Beowulf was not afraid of death and before any battle he made a wish that his assets be given to the people. In life or death, Beowulf will be glorified. Epic battles, terrifying monsters, extraordinary strength, and great leadership; these characteristics and encounters are what make up the epic hero that is Beowulf (Definition Of Hero On The Web). The heroism exemplified by Beowulf is defined by many different qualities. A hero is again defined by his willing to put himself at great risk for the greater good. The monsters that invaded the Heorot land were all outsiders that existed beyond the boundaries of human realms. Beowulf was forced to kill the two beasts in order to restore order because Grendel and his mother had infringed upon human society. Fame was a theme touched based on throughout the poem. Fame was part of Beowulf’s quest, but Hrothgar left an impression on Beowulf’s values. He reminded him that his fame and strength are not always going to be available to him. His life is fragile and he could not only be killed, but his youth clock is ticking. Beowulf is painted as a perfect hero in the form of the protagonist in the poem. The poem consists of three central conflicts, which include Grendel’s rage of Heorot Hal, Grendel’s mother becoming vengeful because of her sons death, and the dragon’s rage over Geatland. The difference between a good warrior and a good king was also a theme in which was observed through the poem. What others deem impossible, Beowulf made possible! References Heaney, Seamus. Beowulf: a New Verse Translation. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2000. Print. SparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote on Beowulf. † SparkNotes. com. SparkNotes LLC. 2003. Web 22 Apr. 2010. Definition Of Hero On The Web. Google Search. Web. 20 Apr. 2010. Paradine, Gerald. â€Å"Hero Paper. † Beowulf Papers. Web. 19 Apr.

Along lines of Process and emotional struggle with ADHD in the Family Research Paper

Along lines of Process and emotional struggle with ADHD in the Family - Research Paper Example It is because of the abnormal function of the brain that certain disorders are seen in the human beings.Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is an example of such a disorder which diminishes the normal functions of the brain. Initially it was thought that ADHD only occurred in adults but it has been found that this condition also affects adults. This essay would revolve around the perspectives of ADHD and as to how it affects the children. ADHD is a neuropsychiatric condition which is characterized by lack of attention or concentration for a long period of time. It is because of this characteristic that the persons suffering from ADHD have difficulty in carrying out their daily life activities.This essay would revolve around the diagnosis of ADHD along with the treatment and other related issues of ADHD (Grosenbach 2000 & Whiteman et al 1995).Historical Context In order to understand the basics of ADHD it is necessary that it is studied in its historical context. ADHD was first d iscovered in the early eighteenth century by George Still. The name given to the disorder has changed ever since its discovery.George Still conducted a research to find out that 20 children were suffering from the problem of attention deficiency. It was here that he put forward a theory regarding these children that they may be suffering from a genetic problem.George Still named the disorder as the Defect of Moral Thought.... In 1970s more symptoms were associated with the disorder and this formed a complete spectrum for the disorder. It was in 1980s that the name Adult Deficiency Disorder came into being and was included in the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual III of American Psychiatric Association. In 1987 the name was changed to Adult Deficiency Hyperactivity Disorder and the non stimulant drugs to treat this disorder were introduced in 2003 (Fitzgerald et al 2007; Londrie 2006). Diagnosis The diagnosis of ADHD is based on psychiatric assessment along with a discussion with the peers close to the child. Questionnaires are also used to assess the skills of the child on the basis of which he is diagnosed. It is through these methods that the data is collected and then compared to the standards of Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM IV) for North America and with International Statistical Classification of diseases and related health problems (ICD 10) for European countries. The sign s and symptoms laid down by ICD and DSM IV are then compared to see if the child is suffering from the problems laid down in it or not (Berger 2008). The sign and symptoms of ADHD are anxiety, irritability, lack of concentration and difficulty in completing organized tasks. The child suffering from ADHD has difficulties in taking his own decision and seeks the help of others in completing the tasks in his life (Whiteman et al 1995; Grosenbach 2000). Bipolar Disorder should be diagnosed properly as at times it gets difficult to differentiate between certain disorders and bipolar disorders. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is one of the disorders which have similar symptoms as Bipolar Disorder. It is necessary for a health

Bariers to the enterpreneurship in Russia Coursework - 1

Bariers to the enterpreneurship in Russia - Coursework Example Petersburg School of Management’s â€Å"Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Russia 2011† and The World Bank’s â€Å"Doing Business: Profile of the Russian Federation†. By way of analyzing the key contributions of these two works as well as drawing inference on the data therein presented, the author will seek to relate to the reader some of the salient challenges that currently face those interesting in performing business within the Russian Federation. One of the primary concerns that MNCs consider when seeking out a prospective nation to develop their company within is the overall stability of the regime. As such, the Russian Federation itself has presented the West with a fairly stable and nominally democratic regime since the collapse of the Soviet Union. However, even though the regime has experienced smooth transitions of power and regularly scheduled elections, the paperwork associated with many of the forms of business development and start up continue to represent Soviet-era difficulties. Rather than having a clear and well defined process in which would-be investors can rapidly navigate the maze of requirements that are extant, the process has devolved into something of a nightmare in which the Russian Federation languishes near the bottom of the list of nations with respect to receiving a building permit, receiving electrical service to ones building, obtaining credit, and paying taxes. With respect to obtaining a building permit, the first step of any firm that has committed itself to expanding within the Russian Federation or elsewhere, the potential investor is greeted by a situation that requires nearly a year to complete. According to The World Bank’s â€Å"Doing Business: Profile of the Russian Federation†, the Russian Federation ranks 178th out of the 185 countries measured with regards to total ease of receiving a building permit. This process is further complicated by the fact that the permit process itself is exorbitantly high and

Obesity in Oklahoma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Obesity in Oklahoma - Essay Example In 2009, Oklahoma spent approximately $1,721,000 in dealing with illness related directly to obesity whereby together with overweight these cases afflict about 67.1% of the entire population. Medical studies attribute the increasing trend of obesity cases with sedentary lifestyle and poor eating habits that characterize numerous Oklahomans. Therefore, this study seeks to address obesity issue currently afflicting Oklahomans and suggest appropriate approaches meant to curb it by embracing active lifestyle, healthy eating habits and public sensitization concerning the menace. If Oklahomans intends to evade high costs of both treating and managing obesity predicament, they ought to embrace active lifestyle (â€Å"INTEGRIS Health†). This is contrary to their current sedentary lifestyles resulting from overreliance on cars, trucks and buses. This is especially when commuting from one place to another irrespective of the distance, for instance, from their residential areas to work whereas students to schools. According to medical studies, inactivity is one of the major contributing factors that heightens the prevalence of obesity whereby in avoiding medical practitioners advocate regular exercises (â€Å"INTEGRIS Health†). Therefore, Oklahomans need to stop their life’s inactivity and embark on regular exercises even if it implies some to commute to their varied places through walking. This is advisable for numerous people including students whose destinations are nearby such that it is not a mandatory to use vehicles. In addition, the e lderly people including retirees ought to devise a daily routine meant for their respective exercises (â€Å"INTEGRIS Health†). This is because numerous people at this stage end up experiencing lack of exercise related illness like diabetes because most them prefer sedentary lifestyle citing it is their time to rest. Parents and teachers should also encourage their children to exercise on daily basis making them take part in

Response for Vygotsky Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Response for Vygotsky - Essay Example Vygotsky suggests that Piaget is using adult thinking to solve a child’s actual thought process. Both views have merit to a degree, but Vygotsky’s view can help expand a child’s education from what is to what can be. The zone of proximal development is the ability of the child to mimic or learn through group intervention. The zone of proximal development is the abilities the child can be taught. Vygotsky feels that the child should be judged on the level of zone proximal development. Vygotsky gave an example about two children being on the same level in actual development, but having a different zone of proximal development. Vygotsky asserts that children having a different zone of proximal development will not experience the same level of actual development. Piaget does not agree with the zone of proximal development, but rather asserts that the test of actual development is the level a child should be judged by. Piaget feels current tests of actual development are the true measure of the child’s ability. Vygotsky’s method contends that the zone of proximal development is not just potential. For example, a child might mimic a simple behavior that they can grasp like a simple math problem. However, if an advanced mathematics was introduced, no matter how many times demonstrated, the child would not pick up the skill. The zone of proximal development is what a child can achieve with help, not impossible tasks beyond their level of development. The zone of proximal development leads to actual development according to Vygotsky. His point of view is tests like Piaget uses only test the actual development, not the actual ability to develop or the rate of development. Learning and development are never on an equal basis. The development is either before or after learning. The two are not parallel in relation to each other. Vygotsky also pointed out that animals do not have a zone of proximal

Google Health and the Future of Personal Health Records Case Study

Google Health and the Future of Personal Health Records - Case Study Example Even Microsoft or Apple failed to recognize the opportunity provided by PHRs. It should be noted that Google was waiting for a breakthrough product to capture or regain market dominance. It should be noted that Google’s market share was considerably reduced in the recent past because of tight competition from prominent companies such as Apple, Facebook, Microsoft, Amazon etc. The offering of the cloud-based product Google Health in 2008 was received with high expectations. Many people though that Google at last succeeded in developing a breakthrough product to counter the challenges from competitors. Nobody can blame the consumer expectation of this product, especially because it could represent a truly consumer based PHR, given the characteristics of the company behind its design. Google was successful in incorporating all the ingredients needed for a PHR system to Google health. Google’s market reputation was huge and nobody had any doubt about the capabilities of Goo gle. Moreover the health care reform initiative in America is getting momentum after to Obama came into power. In short, the opportunity for Google health was huge. Sometimes facts are stranger than fiction. In the case of Google Health, the above statement is absolutely true. On June 24th of 2011, Google Health crashed in its intent of positioning in the difficult PHR market, leaving behind many questions and some lessons for future entrants. This paper reviews and analyses the reasons why Google Health failed as a health information solution for consumer/patient healthcare information management and the future of PHRs. Archer (2011) mentioned that â€Å"Electronic personal health record systems (PHRs) support patient cantered healthcare by making medical records and other relevant information accessible to patients, thus assisting patients in health self-management† (Archer, 2011, p.515). Current

Integrating Security and Usability into the Requirements and Design Research Paper

Integrating Security and Usability into the Requirements and Design Process - Research Paper Example The user interface design of the touch screen register has features that enable it to attain security. First, the new system enforces access controls by requiring that every cashier supplies a matching pair of user-id and password in order to log in to the register. It is not only helpful in preventing non-legitimate access to the register, but also provides a good avenue to introduce role-based authentication. Moreover, it will be possible associating a given cashier with a certain workstation, and in certain instances, it is possible associating a cashier with a certain workgroup. Second, the registers ability to lock after four unsuccessful login attempts is a good strategy to suppress the efforts of brute force attackers and malicious insiders who will constantly use trial and error in a bid to gain unauthorized access to the system. Further, the safety of information stored therein is enhanced by the condition that only the managers can use a keycard to unlock the register follo wing unsuccessful login attempts. Finally, unauthorized access is also prevented by the registers ability to lock if the screen does not get touched for a period of three minutes. The system also features certain security utilities that to some extent collide with the usability. First, the restriction that only the cashier who was authenticated before the system locked will be in a position to unlock it is a feature that prevents the idea of other end-users performing malicious acts on other peoples account profile. Otherwise, new cashiers would need to restart the system. The tool also increases accountability whilst enhancing the systems intention to associate every action with a particular user (Wysocki, 2013).  

Are E-cigarettes Healthier Than Normal Cigarettes Research Paper

Are E-cigarettes Healthier Than Normal Cigarettes - Research Paper Example This essay stresses that there are several positive aspects of using E-cigarette. One of the positive aspects of E-cigarette is that it delivers lower level of toxins that that of conventional cigarette. Toxins may be lower but it still contains some which provide the taste of using normal cigarette. The smoking of normal tobacco contains huge number of chemicals. Some of the chemicals are still unknown. But still all of the contained chemicals are harmful and dangerous. E-cigarette contains less harmful chemicals such as vegetable glycerin, propylene glycol, nicotine and other flavored chemicals. The ratio of chemicals provided in E-cigarette is much less than that of chemicals in normal cigarette. This paper makes a conclusion that E-cigarette is much healthier than that of normal cigarettes. Regardless of being healthier device, it also has some shortcomings which can cause severe harm to human beings. E-cigarette has lower quantity of toxins than that of conventional cigarettes. Normal cigarettes pollute the environment with harmful chemicals. But the use of E-cigarette reduces the amount of harmful chemical emission. This is due to the fact that it releases water vapor which contains fewer amounts of injurious chemicals. It is cheaper option and provides same experience as that of normal cigarettes. The usage of E-cigarette delivers huge threat to the children. It can be easily accessible with the help of internet and mall kiosks E-cigarette is as dangerous like normal cigarettes.

The essence of Made in Canada Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The essence of Made in Canada - Case Study Example From these reasons, it is clear that quality plays a huge role in making people buy Canadian made products, including buying Paderno’s products. â€Å"Made in Canada† More than ever, the social consciousness of consumers is pushing organizations to promote strategies aimed at corporate social responsibility (Henein & Morissette 49). In the case of Paderno, this should push them to showcase their products as having local characteristics. Even if their products are not made locally, such as the cheaper products they import, they can impress the consumers by laying emphasis on the local features that their value chain possesses, such as product assembly and design, as well as development and research. Companies should also highlight their impact on the local economy in a creative manner, such as with regards to creation of jobs, impact of product purchase on the local economy, or the local partners that they involve in various processes (Henein & Morissette 49). Consumers in Canada, as well as other developed countries, are increasingly searching for products that are made in Canada. These reasons are because of various consumer trends. One of these trends has to do with the buy local movement with most consumers now shopping closer to home (Henein & Morissette 50). They are also looking for goods that are locally made because they are aware that buying goods made in the country are a better choice both environmentally and ethically. Rising awareness on health may also impact Paderno’s Made in Canada brand as a population that is gradually ageing becomes more aware of their cookware choices and how they are ergonomically designed. Most Canadians now consider the impact that products will have on their health, especially food and, more recently, cookware, and are more willing to pay higher prices for products they trust, which are mostly Canadian made products. Canadian consumers are also increasingly frugal with their money as incomes stagnate , which means that they are more cautious about spending. As more Canadians live on fixed incomes, they will begin to turn to the best value for their money, which is Canadian made. Consumers are also showing an increased desire for goods that are customized, which means they are searching for what exactly they want. This, in most cases, is Canadian made. Finally, the internet culture has seen many Canadian consumers doing their shopping online, which, coupled with blogs that are increasingly talking about buying Canadian made products, has made it essential for companies to insist on the â€Å"made in Canada† brand (Henein & Morissette 50). The internet factor is especially important in perpetuating the Made in Canada brand since most people will first go to the internet when researching on a particular product (Henein & Morissette 51). At least 70% of consumers in Canada have reported that internet reviews of products, particularly those made in Canada,

Critique on What Ive Learned from Men Essay Example for Free

Critique on What Ive Learned from Men Essay In the article â€Å"What I’ve Learned from Men. † The author Barbara Ehrenreich defines and roots her essay on things women can learn from men. She upholds that men influence women to become tough because of all the conflicts and arguments between the genders that make women recognize they are too ladylike when they are in a battle with men. She also explains that women should learn to get tough and take credit when they have accomplished or succeeded in a certain task and not just blame it on luck. Unfortunately, the article â€Å"What I’ve Learned from Men† is fruitless because the author hasn’t displayed any credible sources that support what she is claiming and also exhibits an amount of logical fallacies. First of all, there are several logical fallacies found in the article, which shows us why Barbara’s article is ineffectual. â€Å"I, a full-grown feminist†¦had behaved like a ninny-or, as I now understand it, like a lady. † This sentence is an example of Ad Hominem. The reason is that she refers to herself as a ninny, a foolish person, or in other words as a lady. Thus, she is attacking herself and all the other ladies who experience a similar event rather than the argument. Identically, the sentence â€Å"we spend a great deal of time acting like a wimp. † is another example of Ad Hominem. Another example is the entire fifth paragraph, â€Å"Think, for example†¦fascination for us. † This is clearly an example of Hasty Generalization where the author has referred the actors Mel Gibson, John Travolta and Marlon Brando as people who don’t talk and care about others feelings so, therefore, this has to be the same situation with us. But, there is no relation between them and us. Moreover, a good example of slippery slope is also present in the article. â€Å"If you’re not sure what to do with your face in the meantime, study Clint Eastwood’s expressions—both of them. † The reason is that the solution (study Clint Eastwood’s expressions) has nothing to do with the problem (what to do with your face). The first step does not lead to the second step and there is no connection between the two steps. Finally, there is an example of a Post-Hoc fallacy in the article. â€Å"If you take the credit you deserve†¦fully intend to do so again. † There is a connection between two ideas in the sentence. That is, if you take the credit for accomplishing something then this will result to being confident and succeeding again and again. Following this further, we will shift to the other claim of why the article is ineffective, which is the lack of supportive and credible sources. The author is not credible since all the information she supplied in her article is from her own experience and not from a well-known book or study. Hence, people will face difficulties in trusting whatever the author is saying in the article and especially males, since the independent variable in the article is men. â€Å"Sociologists have observed that in male-female social interactions it’s the woman who throws out leading questions and verbal encouragements. † This sentence has no proof, evidence or reference. So the author cannot just state this point without backing it up with proof. Logically, you can find men who are similar to this statement and women who are as well. Finally, this shows that the author is not demonstrating information and details with evidence and proof. Thus, this is another reason why the author’s article is ineffective. In conclusion, the article is fruitless since the author hasn’t supplied it with credible and supportive sources and references; as well as the presence of several amounts of logical fallacies and also of different types. This affected her argument badly and her reasoning just showed that she is trying to strengthen her opinion rather than strengthening her argument. Likewise, if the author has a very good experience in such topics but fails to have a good logical reasoning, the article’s reputation will be disrupted critically. Finally, the article should contain all these points so that it can be strong; and so that she can promote in what she believes in.

Construction sector of India is an integral part of the economy

Construction sector of India is an integral part of the economy Introduction Construction sector of India is an integral part of the economy and is progressing on account of urbanization, industrialization, economic development and peoples soaring expectations for improved quality of living. Between 2004-05 and 2008-09 average real growth has been an impressive 12.28% year-on-year (y-o-y), which reflects the countrys immense need for continued investment in transport infrastructure, electricity generating capacity and housing, as well as the build-up of industrial capacity (BMI, 2010). Segmentation of Construction Industry The Indian Construction Industry can be divided into residential segment generating 85.8% of the total revenues and the non-residential building segment that generates 14.2% of the industrys value (Data Monitor, May 2009). (APPENDIX 1) Real Estate à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Corporate à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Industrial à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Residential à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Commercial (APPENDIX 2) Infrastructure à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Roads à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Urban infrastructure à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Railways à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Airport Porters Five Forces Threat of New Entrants Bargaining Power of Suppliers Bargaining Power of Customers Competitive Rivalry within the Industry Threat of Substitutes Bargaining Power of Suppliers Indian construction industry consists of two categories of suppliers, those providing construction materials and those who provide constructional services like electrical installation In India there are many small players in the construction material manufacturing industry, which weakens the supplier power (Data Monitor, May 2009). The subcontractors who provide constructional services are in a weak position due to the existence of many small operators. Overall, supplier power in this industry is moderate. Bargaining Power of Buyers Buyers in this industry are few and large such as government agencies or other major organizations, rather than individuals. The presence of low costs along with the strong price sensitivity of demand strengthens buyer power in the industry. Also the buyers are rarely capable of integrating backwards and take over the practicalities of the project themselves thereby proving that the buyer power in this industry is moderate (IICCI, 2008). Threat to New Entrants The governments recent liberalization of the rules governing foreign companies entering the Indian industry has boosted the entry of new players. Since a very small amount of capital is adequate to enter this industry and the contractors can reduce their costs by renting rather than buying equipment, the labor market is extremely elastic. Overall, the threat of new entrants to the industry is strong. Threat of Substitutes The threat of substitutes in this industry is very weak as it is unlikely that any alternative expenditure would be satisfactory for a buyer even if he has the requisite funds for a new construction project. Even if buyers have the option of renovating an existing structure rather than investing in a new construction, players in the construction and engineering industry remain likely to be involved. Competitive Rivalry within the Industry The atmosphere of a secure growth within the Indian construction industry eases rivalry by creating space for expansion. The low capital cost of market entry translates into low sunk costs reducing the exit barriers. Thus the rivalry is considered to be moderate (Data Monitor, May 2009). Key Players in Construction Industry Larsen Toubro Limited (LT) is one of the largest and most respected technology, engineering, construction and manufacturing companies of India. Jaiprakash Associates Jaiprakash Associates Limited principally provides civil engineering and construction services primarily in India. They earned a revenue of about 65000 US $ in the year 2010. (Business Wire, November 2006) Hindustan Construction Company HCC is one of the leading construction companies of India having built several landmark projects in Indias Hydro Power and water resources sector (Sandeep Sawant, Sept. 2007). Gammon India It is the only Indian Construction Company to have been accredited with ISO 9001 certification for all fields of Civil Engineering Works. Gammon employs expertise who has proved their innovative skills in India and abroad PESTLE Analysis of Construction Industry Source: http://www.whatmakesagoodleader.com/macro-environment-analysis.html Political Factors SEZ Act Special Economic Zone is the new target for real estate investors. As of date there are 105 approved SEZs in India (General Knowledge Today, Feb 2010). Laws governing these zones are more liberal in nature than the centralized laws and enhance a countrys technology growth, infrastructure and economic development. FDI Liberalisation The government of India has permitted a Foreign Direct Investment of 100 % for development of townships in India. India is now 2nd most preferred country for FDI after China. Opening of FDI in construction and allowing developers to raise capital in international markets has led to development of larger projects (Mohit Saraf, July 2009). Impact of REITs The introduction of Real Estate Mutual fund (REMF) and Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) has boosted real estate investments from the small investors aspect. Economic Factors Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Growth India is witnessing tremendous growth and expansion of construction activities and construction is the largest component of GDP. It has been growing at a rate over 10 % in the past few years when GDP was around 8% (Farook Azam, 2010). (APPENDIX 3) Source: IHS Global Insight Change in Demand Changes in the demand due to factors like changes in disposable income of perspective buyers and inflation may affect the construction industry. With the easy availability of housing loans and tax redemption on loans the demand for houses is increasing and thus construction is gaining weight. Fluctuations in Prices of Inputs Many builders tend to stop work when the prices of inputs like cement, iron etc go up and wait till the prices come down. This leads to unnecessary delay in the work and the cost of wasting time would actually be more than the increase in price (Arghadeep Laskar and C. V. R. Murty, 2003). Social Factors Goodwill of the Company Brand name of a builder or the company plays an important role in convincing the buyer to buy the house and be sure of the quality of construction work done. A low credibility or image can lead to poor financial performance. Green Buildings A green building is one which uses less water, optimises energy efficiency, conserves natural resources, generates less waste and provides healthier spaces for occupants, as compared to conventional building (India Today, Vol. 34, Issues 1-8). The estimated market potential for green building was about $ 400 million in 2010 and is increasing continuously. Technological Factors Upgrading of Technology Use of low grade technology in the construction sector leads to low value addition and low productivity apart from sub standard quality of construction and time over runs in projects. Due to lack of technology, construction can suffer in terms of quality and design. Source: managingthedragon.com Ready Mix Concrete The business of ready mix concrete in India is in its infancy. Indian ready mix concrete business uses only 2% of the total cement production. The increasing use of ready mix saves time and allows better quality too. Legal Factors The National Housing Policy NHP (1998) was formulated to address the issue of sustainable development of infrastructure. The Government helps to provide fiscal concession to carry out legal and regulatory reforms and create and enabling environment for the construction industry (P.R. Swarup, Director General, Construction Industry Development Council, India). Environmental Factors Uncertain Calamities Uncertain environmental hazards like earthquakes, floods etc. have a disastrous impact on the construction industry and can delay construction as well. This has been witnessed during the construction of the Metro line in the capital of India, New Delhi where one of the railway lines being constructed collapsed due to heavy rainfall and delayed the total completion time of metro. Structural Drivers of Change Globalization After the policy of globalization being introduced in 1990s, the private companies started being more aware about construction products and there was inflow of construction based knowledge and technology from other countries to ours changing thinking towards the whole construction scenario. Import and export procedures, customs and excise laws and ease in operations of foreign accounts minimized controls on industry and rapid growth took place. Due to simplified single window clearance import export procedures became easier thereby allowing Indian construction Industry to compete in overseas market (Accommodation Times, 2009). Technological Developments A key driver of transformation for the Indian construction industry is technological change. Global telephony, satellite communications and video links are now widely available (Shakantu, 2000). Information and communication technology (ICT) is significantly influencing technological change (CIRIA, DTER, 1999). Simulations of entire construction processes and systems can be developed to determine the optimal approach to achieving desired performance (Shakantu, 2000; Fisher, 1993; Coyle, 1996). Changes in Government Policy The government policies helped in boosting the real estate sector by substantial cutting interest rates and facilitating greater ease in credit. Recent excise duty cuts on cement and steel also reduced the construction costs. These recent government initiatives increased liquidity in the market and brought down the interest rates to a more realistic level. Life Cycle of Construction Industry The Indian construction industry is in its growth stage growing at over 20% over the past 5 years. It has witnessed a revolution, driven by the booming economy, favorable demographics and liberalized foreign direct investment (FDI) regime (World Market Intelligence, March 2010). We can say that the sector has been performing quite well over the past decade. Despite the depressing global scenario, the Indian market was protected from the effects, as the economy as was more robust than its counterparts. The pace of private construction slowed down but remained positive. With the growing capital inflow within India and from abroad the demand for infrastructure is likely to increase. The Indian government has been a major investor in this sector in order to stimulate the development of construction industry to the requisite level required to achieve the next growth target. (K.V.S.S., Narayana Rao, 2009). Although steady progress through the construction industry is not inevitable, the life cycle concept does none the less remind construction companies that conditions will change over time. ( Johnson, Scholes Whittington, 2008) (APPENDIX 4) In 2013, the Indian construction and engineering industry is forecast to have a value of $55.3 billion, an increase of 44% since 2008. Future Scenarios for Construction Industry Scenario 1 New Equipment, Technology and Materials Involvement of Indian consultants in international projects has led to blend of new materials, equipment and technologies in the construction practices of India. Very soon the growing demand for such advanced equipment will force the builders to manufacture these as well. The government has also taken some remarkable initiatives to ensure that its basic infrastructural structure is more efficient and world-class. Therefore billions were spent on constructing bridges, roads, railway transportation, power infrastructure etc. Construction equipments especially earth moving equipment sector has benefited the most from these developments and is poised to grow at double digit CAGR by FY 2014 (Free Press Release, 2010). It is expected that during 2007-2015, the potential investment for new equipments and materials will be around US$ 750 Billion. Scenario 2 Employment Opportunities India with its high potential untapped market attributes has become a favourite destination for global construction equipments companies. There will be demand for over 24.3 million new dwellings for self-living in urban India alone by 2015 (Housing Skyline of India 2007-08) Considering governments projects lined up for the Eleventh Plan period, the demand for construction is expected to grow by at least 8-9%, and 2.5 million employment opportunities per annum are expected to be generated ( BMI, 2011).Thus those who are looking for opportunities in this sector would be rewarded with accelerated learning and fast progress. Construction Industry has created a need for the full spectrum of employees varying from professionals like civil and mechanical engineers and architects to daily basis wage construction workers and industrial workers such as steel and cement manufacturers to highway toll booth operators. Thus it is advisable to join a leading Indian Construction Company, or a multi-national present in India even from a beginners level as there is large scope for training and rapid upward movement through the ranks for talented individuals. Scenario 3 Changing Indian Economy The changing economy is placing increasing pressure on Indias physical infrastructure, not only from population growth and developing economic activities, but also structural changes in the economy. Indias economy now clearly reflects a steady decline of primary sectors, such as agriculture, forestry, and fishing, giving more importance to the non primary sectors such as service and manufacturing industry. But it is predicted that growth in construction spending in the longer term is likely to be enormous, driven by a rising population and a growing middle class. Since 100% foreign direct investment (FDI) is now allowed in construction, it now allows significant inflows of capital to meet growing demand from the increasing middle class. Indias population growth rates remain well above replacement level and the number of people living in urban areas is likely to grow significantly (BMI, 2011). ( APPENDIX 5) Conclusion Though all these scenarios are linked together and their inter relationships can produce long and complex results, growing population is the key driver of success of the construction industry. (Johnson , Scholes Whittington, 2008) According to me the second scenario is the most influencing scenario as it is directly linked to Indias growing population which is an unstable factor growing at a fast rate and directly linked with the success of the construction industry. Bibliography India Netzone, (2008), Nature of Construction Industry, Available at: http://construction.indianetzone.com/1/nature_construction.htm. [Accessed 15 March 11] Indo Italian Chamber of Commerce Industry (2008), Overview of the Construction Industry in India , Opportunities, Available at: http://www.centroesteroveneto.com/pdf/Osservatorio%20Mercati/India/Ricerche%20di%20Mercato/2009/Construction%20Sector.pdf, [Accessed 15 March 11] Info Shine (2008),  Construction Real Estate Available at:  http://info.shine.com/Industry-Information/Construction-and-Real-Estate/855.aspx, [Accessed 15 March 11] Research Markets (2006), Indian Construction Industry: An Analysis., Description, Available at: http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reportinfo.asp?report_id =335655t =dcat _id=,[Accessed 15 March 11] Credit Analysis Research, (2010), Indian Construction Industry, Available at: http://www.careratings.com/content/ResourceCenter/reports/Synopsis_for_Construction_Industry.pdf, [Accessed 15 March 11]. Farook Azam (2010), Institute of Industrial Engineers, The Construction Industry in India , Available at http://www.iienet.org/Details.aspx?id=20432 , [Accessed 15 March 11]. CBS Interactive Business Network (2006), The Indian Construction Industry, Available at: http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2006_Nov_20/ai_n16851629/?tag= content; col1, [Accessed 15 March 11] Law is Greek, (2010), An Overview: Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in India, Available at: http://www.lawisgreek.com/an-overview-special-economic-zones-sez-in-india/, [Accessed 15 March 11] Johnson, Scholes Whittington (2008), Industry Life Cycle, Exploring Corporate Strategy, 8th Edition, Pg 68-69 [Accessed 16 March 11] Accommodation Times, (2009),  Globalization of Construction Industry Available at: http://www.accommodationtimes.com/property-rates/globalisation-of-construction-industry/, [Accessed 16 March 11]. World Market Intelligence, (2010) , Future of Construction In India, Available at: http://www.docstoc.com/docs/25943727/The-Future-of-Construction-in-India, [Accessed 16 March 11] Moht Saraf (2009), Real Estate, Indias Real Estate Sector: An Overvie, Available at: http://www.whoswholegal.com/news/features/article/18426/indias-real-estate-sector-overview/ [Accessed 16 March 11] K.V.S.S., Narayana Rao, (2009) Industry Analysis Valuation, Infrastructure INDIA Version 14, Available from: http://knol.google.com/k/narayana-rao-k-v-s-s/industry-analysis-and-valuation/2utb2lsm2k7a/950, [Accessed 16 March 11] Hindustan Construction Company India (2007), HCC: About HCC, Available at: http://www.hccindia.com/hcc_admin/data_content/pdf_files/HCC_bags_Rs._693_.61_crore_Euro_1_.457_crore_order_from_Delh_.pdf, [Accessed 16 March 11] Arghadeep Laskar and C. V. R. Murty (2005), Challenges before Construction Industry in India, New Materials, Equipments Technologies, Available at: http://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/RP/2004_Challenges_Construction_Industry_Proceedings.pdf, [Accessed 16 March 11] Free Press Release (2010), Indian Earth Moving Equipments Industry to Boom in Near Future Available at: http://www.free-press-release.com/news-indian-earth-moving-equipments-industry-to-boom-in-near-future-1287567300.html, [Accessed 16 March 11] Business Monitor International (2011), Industry Forecast Scenario, Available at: http://www.businessmonitor.com.libproxy.nlb.gov.sg/cgibin/request.pl?SessionID=393511974808887view=articleviewerarticle=446198service=22iso=INmetaid=190, [Accessed 16 March 11] APPENDIX Appendix 1 Source: IHS Global Insight Appendix 2 Source: IHS Global Insight Appendix 3 Source: IHS Global Insight Appendix 4 Indian Construction Industry Value Forecast Source: Data Monitor

Chemical Structures and Excipient Profile of Drugs

Chemical Structures and Excipient Profile of Drugs DRUG AND EXCIPIENT PROFILE CAFFEINE Chemical structure: Mol. Weight: Average: 194.1906 Melting point: 238  °C State: solid Water solubility: 2.16E+004 mg/L (at 25  °C) Half Life: 3 7 hours in geriatrics , 65 130 hours in pediatrics Protein Binding: Low protein binding (25 36%) Absorption: absorbed after oral and parenteral administration. The peak plasma level of caffeine ranges from 6 to 10mg/L and the mean time to reach peak concentration ranged from 30 minutes to 2 hours. Pharmacology: Caffeine is a naturally occurring xanthine derivative like theobromine and the bronchodilator theophylline. It is used as a CNS stimulant, mild diuretic, and respiratory stimulant (in neonates). Often combined with analgesics or with ergot alkaloids, caffeine is used to treat migraine and other types of headache. Over the counter, caffeine is used to treat drowsiness or mild water-weight gain. Mechanism of Action: Caffeine stimulates medullary, vagal, vasomotor, and respiratory centers, promoting bradycardia, vasoconstriction, and increased respiratory rate. This action was previously believed to be due primarily to increased intracellular cyclic 3†²,5†²-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) following inhibition of phosphodiesterase, the enzyme that degrades cyclic AMP. Xanthines such as caffeine act as antagonists at adenosine-receptors within the plasma membrane of virtually every cell. As adenosine acts as an autocoid, inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters from presynaptic sites but augmenting the actions of nor epinephrine or angiotensin, antagonist of adenosine receptors promotes neurotransmitter release. This explains the stimulatory effects of caffeine. Blockage of the adenosine A1 receptor in the heart leads to the accelerated, pronounced pounding of the heart upon caffeine intake. Indication: For management of fatigue, orthostatic hypotension, and for the short term treatment of apnea of prematurity in neonates. Toxicity: LD50= 127 mg/kg (oral dose in mice) ERGOTAMINE Chemical structure: Mol. Weight: Average: 581.6615 Melting point: 213.5  °C State: solid state Water solubility: Slightly soluble Half Life: 2 hours Absorption: The bioavailability of sublingual ergotamine has not been determined. Pharmacology: Ergotamine is a vasoconstrictor and alpha adrenoreceptor antagonist. The pharmacology of ergotamine is extremely complex; some of its actions are unrelated to each other, and even mutually antagonistic. The drug has partial agonist and antagonist activity against tryptaminergic, dopaminergic and alpha adrenergic receptors depending upon the site, and is highly active uterine stimulant. It causes constriction of peripheral and cranial blood vessels and producing depression of central vasomotor centers. The pain of a migraine attack is due to increased amplitude of pulsations in the cranial arteries, especially the meningeal branches of the external carotid artery. Ergotamine reduces extra cranial blood flow, causes a decline in the amplitude of pulsation in the cranial arteries, and decreases hyper perfusion of the territory of the basilar artery. It does not reduce cerebral hemispheric blood flow. Mechanism of Action: Ergotamine acts on migraine by one of the two proposed mechanisms: 1) activation of 5-HT1D receptors located on intracranial blood vessels, including those on arteriole-venous anastomoses, leads to vasoconstriction, which correlates with the relief of migraine, and 2) Activation of 5-HT1D receptors on sensory nerve endings of the trigeminal system which results in inhibition of pro-inflammatory neuropeptide release. Indication: For use as therapy to abort or prevent vascular type of headache, e.g., migraine, migraine variants, or so called histaminic cephalalgia. Toxicity: Signs of overexposure including irritation, nausea, vomiting, headache, diarrhea, thirst, coldness of skin, pruritus, weak pulse, numbness, tingling of extremities, and confusion. CYCLIZINE Chemical structure: Mol. Weight: Average: 266.38 Melting point: 105.5  °C State: solid state Water solubility: 1000 mg/L (at 25  °C) Half Life: 20 hours Pharmacology: Cyclizine is a piperazine derivative antihistamine used as antivertigo/antiemetic agent. Cyclizine is used in the prevention and treatment of nausea, vomiting, and dizziness associated with motion sickness. Additionally, it has been used in the management of vertigo in disease affecting the vestibular apparatus. The mechanism by which cyclizine exerts its antiemetic and antivertigo effects is not been fully elucidated, its central anticholinergic properties are partially responsible. The drug depresses labyrinth excitability and vestibular stimulation, and it may affects medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone. It also possesses anticholinergic, antihistaminic, central nervous system depressant, and local anesthetic effects. Mechanism of Action: Vomiting (emesis) is essentially a protective mechanism for removing irritant and harmful substances from the upper GI tract. Emesis is controlled by the vomiting centre in the medulla region of the brain, an important part of which is the chemotrigger zone (CTZ). The vomiting centre possesse neurons which are rich in muscarinic cholinergic and histamine containing synapses. These types of neurons are especially involved in transmission from the vestibular apparatus to the vomiting centre. Motion sickness involves overstimulation of the pathways due to various sensory stimuli. Hence the action of cyclizine which acts to block the histamine receptors in the vomiting centre and thus reducing the activity along these pathways. Furthermore since cyclizine possesses anti-cholinergic properties as well, the muscarinic receptors are similarly blocked. Indication: For prevention and treatment of the nausea, vomiting, and dizziness that are associated with motion sickness, and vertigo (dizziness caused by other medical problems). EXCIPIENT PROFILE MANNITOL Synonym: D –mannite, manna sugar, cordycepic acid, pearlitol. Emperical Formula: C6H14O6 Molecular Weight: Approx. 182.17 Description: Mannitol is a white , Odorless, crystalline powder or free flowing granules .It has sweet taste , approximately as sweet as glucose and half as sweet as sucrose, impart the cooling sensation in the mouth. Density, bulk: 0.430 g/cm3 for powder 0.7g/cm3for granules Density, tapped: 0.734gm /cm3for powder, 0.8gm/cm3 for granules. Solubility: Freely soluble in water, very slightly soluble in ethanol (96 per cent). It shows polymorphism. Incompatibility: Mannitol is incompatible with xytilol infusion and may form complexes with some metals such as aluminum, copper and iron. Mannitol was found to reduce bioavailability of cemitidine compared to sucrose. Handling precaution: Mannitol may be irritate to eye, eye protection is recommended. Uses: Diluents (10-90%w/w), mannitol is used as excipient in the manufacture of chewable tablet because of its negative heat of solution, sweetness and mouth feel. MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE Synonym: Cellulose gel, crystalline cellulose, Avicel PH 101, 102 Empirical Formula: (C6H10O5)n Molecular weight: Approx.36000 Description: Purified, partially depolymerised cellulose occurs as a white, tasteless odorless, crystalline, powder that is composed of porous particles available in different particle size grades with different properties , i.e. 101 ,102 Bulk Density: 0.28gm/cm 3 Tapped Density: 0.43gm/cm3 Solubility: Insoluble in water, dilute acids and most organic solvents .Slightly soluble in sodium hydroxide solution. Stability and storage condition: Stable and hygroscopic. Store in a well – closed container. Incompatibility: None cited in the literature. Handling precautions: No restrictions. Uses: Tablet binder / diluents (5-20%), tablet disintegrant (5-15%), tablet glidant (5-15%) antiadherent (5-20%), capsule diluents (10-30%) CROSSCARMELLOSE SODIUM In a cross linked polymer of carboxymethylcellulose sodium. Synonym: Ac-DI-Sol; Molecular formula: C8H16O8 Molecular weight: 240.20784 Description: It occurs as an odorless, white or grayish white powder. Density, bulk: 0.529gm/cm3 Density, tapped: 0.819gm/cm3 Stability and storage condition: It is stable though hygroscopic material, preserve in well closed container in cool and dry place. Incompatibilities: The efficacy of disintegration may be slightly reduced in tablet formulation prepared by either the wet granulation or direct compression that contains hygroscopic excipients such as Sorbitol. Handling precautions: It may be irritant to eye. Eye protection is recommended. Uses: It is used in oral pharmaceutical formulation as, a disintegrant for capsule, tablets, and granules. SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE Sodium salt of cross linked partly o- carboxymethylated potato starch.. Synonym: Carboxy methyl cellulose, sodium salt, exeplosol, explotab. Description: White or almost white free flowing powder, very hygroscopic. Density, bulk: 0.75gm/cm3 Density, tapped: 0.95gm/cm3 Solubility: Practically insoluble in Methylene chloride. It gives a translucent suspension in water. Stability and Storage: It is stable and should be stored in a well closed container in cool and dry place. Incompatibilities: It is incompatible with ascorbic acid. Handling precautions: Eye protection, glove and a dust mask are recommended. Uses: It is use in oral pharmaceutical formulation as a disintegrant for capsule, tablet, and granules. TALC It is hydrous magnesium silicate may contain a small amount of aluminium silicateand iron. Nonpropritery Name: Purified Talc (BP), Talc (JP), Talc (USP). Synonym: A talc, hydrous magnesium calcium silicate; powdered talc. Empirical Formula: Mg ­6 (Si2O5) (OH) 4 Description: A very fine, white to grayish-white, impalpable, odorless, crystalline powder. Adheres readily to skin soft to touch and free from grittiness. Density, bulk: 19gm/cm3 Density, tapped: 48gm/cm3 Solubility: Insoluble in water, organic solvents, cold acid. Stability and Storage: Stable, preserve in well closed container. Incompatibilities: It is incompatible with quaternary ammonium compounds. Handling Precaution: Eye protection, gloves, and respirator are recommended. Uses: It is use a s glidant, lubricant (1-10%), Diluents5-30%, Dusting powder 90-99% MAGNESIUM STEARATE Synonym: Metallic stearate; octadecanoic acid; magnesium salt; Stearic acid. Nonproprietary Name: Magnesium Stearate (BP); Magnesium Stearate (JP); Magnesium Stearate (USP). Empirical Formula: C36H70MgO4 Molecular Weight: 591.3 Description: Fine, white, precipitated or milled, impalpable powder of low bulk density. Odour and taste are slight but characteristic. The powder is readily adheres to the skin. Density, bulk: 0.519 gm/cm3 Density, tapped: 0.286gm/cm3 Melting point: 117-1500C Stability And Storage Condition: Stable, non self polymerisable, store in cool and dry place in a well closed container. Incompatibilities: Incompatable with strong acid substances, alkaline substances, iron salts, avoid mixing with strong oxidizing materials. Use with caution with drugs , which are incompatible with alkali. Uses: tablet and capsule lubricant, glidant or antiadherent (0.25-2.0%).(Brunye et al., 2010) (Mohammadi and Kanfer, 2005) (Shapiro and Cowan, 2006) (Tsutsumi et al., 2002)

Romanticism in Young Goodman Brown Essay example -- essays research pa

Romanticism and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Romanticism was a literary movement that occurred in the late eighteenth century to the mid nineteenth century which shifted the focus of literature from puritan works, to works which revolved around imagination, the beauty of nature, the individual, and the value of emotion over intellect. The ideas of the movement were quite revolutionary as earlier literature was inhibited by the need to focus on society and the rational world it effected. Romanticism allowed writers to be more creative with there stories and to explore an irrational world which before, would have been at the very least frowned upon if not outright rejected. The short story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne is an example of a romantic work because it showcases the individual over society, exalts emotion and intuition over reason, and keeps a strong focus on nature throughout the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A romantic work focuses on the individual and his inner struggles as well as his external conflict. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† accomplished this through the title character whose journey is followed over the course of the story. Though Young Goodman Brown meets many others on his trip, the focus never wavers from him and his internal struggle. For instance, when Goodman Brown witnesses the minister and deacon riding into the wilderness, the story immediately cuts to his reaction to them, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown caught hold...

The Right to Privacy Essay examples -- Bill of Rights

Individuals are born with certain liberty and freedom. Some freedom are being protected by the Bill of Rights, like freedom of religion, speech, press, and assembly, and some are not. Privacy is one of the rights that was not mention in the Constitution. The definition of the right to privacy is the right to be left alone without government’s intrusion. Throughout history the Supreme Court has been ruling in favor of the right to privacy like in the cases of Griswold v. Connecticut, Roe v. Wade, and Lawrence v. Texas. People who believe that the Constitution should be taken literally protest that this is an act of judicial activism, or judiciary misuse of political power to implement their own opinion on federal laws. Then there are those who believe that the judiciary pursuit justice when protecting individual’s the right to privacy. In this paper I will argue that the right to privacy is an example of the judicial authority in pursuit of justice because it is inferre d in the Constitution, it’s a just liberty, and it’s in the state of nature. The judiciary authority is responsible for individual’s right to privacy because it exists in the state of nature. Does the Constitution protects privacy? Justice Douglas answered yes. In the court case of Griswold v. Connecticut, Griswold offered informations about birth control to married couples. His action violate with the state law of Connecticut which prohibited any use of device that will prevent contraception (261). This court case raise a question of the right to privacy that protect individual from government intrusion. There were difficulties in addressing the question because unlike other liberties and freedoms, the right to privacy was not stated directly in the Constitution.... ... 225-229. Douglas, J. â€Å"Opinion of the Court.† Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965). Ed. D. Hartouni. D. Horwitz. D. Skrentny. 261-262. Hamilton, Alexander. â€Å"The Federalist No. 78† (1788). Ed. D. Hartouni. D. Horwitz. D. Skrentny. 75-78. Hartouni, Valerie. Horwitz, Robert. Skrentny, John. Dimension of Culture 2 Justice. San Diego, CA: University Readers, 2011. Locke, John. â€Å"Chapter II: Of the State of Nature.† â€Å"Chapter V: Of Property.† â€Å"Chapter IX: Of the Ends of Political Society and Government.† The Second Treatise of Government (1690). Ed. D. Hartouni. D. Horwitz. D. Skrentny. 21-36. Peckham, J. â€Å"Opinion of the Court.† Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45 (1905). Ed. D. Hartouni. D. Horwitz. D. Skrentny. 231-237. Taney, Roger, J. â€Å"Opinion of the Court.† Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393 (1857). Ed. D. Hartouni. D. Horwitz. D. Skrentny. 151-156. The Right to Privacy Essay examples -- Bill of Rights Individuals are born with certain liberty and freedom. Some freedom are being protected by the Bill of Rights, like freedom of religion, speech, press, and assembly, and some are not. Privacy is one of the rights that was not mention in the Constitution. The definition of the right to privacy is the right to be left alone without government’s intrusion. Throughout history the Supreme Court has been ruling in favor of the right to privacy like in the cases of Griswold v. Connecticut, Roe v. Wade, and Lawrence v. Texas. People who believe that the Constitution should be taken literally protest that this is an act of judicial activism, or judiciary misuse of political power to implement their own opinion on federal laws. Then there are those who believe that the judiciary pursuit justice when protecting individual’s the right to privacy. In this paper I will argue that the right to privacy is an example of the judicial authority in pursuit of justice because it is inferre d in the Constitution, it’s a just liberty, and it’s in the state of nature. The judiciary authority is responsible for individual’s right to privacy because it exists in the state of nature. Does the Constitution protects privacy? Justice Douglas answered yes. In the court case of Griswold v. Connecticut, Griswold offered informations about birth control to married couples. His action violate with the state law of Connecticut which prohibited any use of device that will prevent contraception (261). This court case raise a question of the right to privacy that protect individual from government intrusion. There were difficulties in addressing the question because unlike other liberties and freedoms, the right to privacy was not stated directly in the Constitution.... ... 225-229. Douglas, J. â€Å"Opinion of the Court.† Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965). Ed. D. Hartouni. D. Horwitz. D. Skrentny. 261-262. Hamilton, Alexander. â€Å"The Federalist No. 78† (1788). Ed. D. Hartouni. D. Horwitz. D. Skrentny. 75-78. Hartouni, Valerie. Horwitz, Robert. Skrentny, John. Dimension of Culture 2 Justice. San Diego, CA: University Readers, 2011. Locke, John. â€Å"Chapter II: Of the State of Nature.† â€Å"Chapter V: Of Property.† â€Å"Chapter IX: Of the Ends of Political Society and Government.† The Second Treatise of Government (1690). Ed. D. Hartouni. D. Horwitz. D. Skrentny. 21-36. Peckham, J. â€Å"Opinion of the Court.† Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45 (1905). Ed. D. Hartouni. D. Horwitz. D. Skrentny. 231-237. Taney, Roger, J. â€Å"Opinion of the Court.† Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393 (1857). Ed. D. Hartouni. D. Horwitz. D. Skrentny. 151-156.

Van Gogh :: essays research papers

Insanity of an Artist Vincent William Vah Gogh , currently a world known artist , lead a depressing life and only sold 1 painting during his lifetime . He was born on March 30, 1853 in Groot Zundert, Netherlands. The Van Gogh’s family consist of Theodorus Van Gogh (The father) ,Anna Cornelia Carbentus (The mother) ,Theo Van Gogh (The younger brother) ,Elizabeth Van Gogh (The sister),and finally Vincent Van Gogh (The older brother) .Van Gogh’s birth came one year to the day after his mother gave birth to a first ,stillborn child also named Vincent. From the time when Vincent was ten , until he was twelve , he attended King Willem II Secondary school in Tilburg until he later quit his studies and he was fifth teen. When a Sixteen-year-old Vincent Van Gogh joined the firm Goupil & Cie, a firm of art Dealers in The Hague. Vincent was relatively successful as an art dealer ,he stayed with them for seven more years. He transferred to the London branch of the company when he was 20 ,and he would stay for two year and then transfer to Paris for a year and then came back to London. At 23, Vincent van Gogh had a truly religious transformation . Although raised in a religious family, it wasn't until this time that he seriously began to consider devoting his life to the Church. Within prayer meetings Van Gogh would speak at the parish of Turnham Green. As a Minister Vincent was enthusiastic about his prospects , but lacked a gripping and passionate delivery, also his sermons were somewhat lackluster and lifeless. Vincent decided being a minister wasn't for him and so he chose his final career which was an artist. The artist starts by applying for study at the Ecole Des Beaux-Art in Burssels. Van Gogh was rejected from the Ecole Des beaux-art school. So, after a while, Vincent began to study by himself with art books for samples. Then, a 28 years old , Van Gogh moved back in with his parents while studying. During Van Gogh’s stay with his Parents in Netherlands, he met his cousin Cornelia Adriana Vos-Stricker (her nickname was "Kee"), he fell in love with Kee and he was devastated when she rejected his advances. After a family arugement and conflict with Kee's parent Van Gogh was humiliated when it was over. Vincent Van Gogh met Clasina Maria Hoornik (her Nickname was "Sien") when he was 29, in The Hague and Vincent became very devoted to Sien and her child.

Harry Lavender Essay Essay

The Life and Crimes of Harry Lavender undermines many of the stereotypes within the genre of crime ? c? on. Marlene Days’ prominent themes are introduced in the extract. Power is characterised par? cularly through the antagonist, Sydney underworld ? gure Harry Lavender. Day also portrays the idea of decep? on and facade through her rendering of the duality of the city of Sydney and the characters within it. Days’ se%ng of the late 1980s conveys an era where new technology is seen and an ominent threat and a useful tool. These themes are represented in the extract and a novel as a whole. Claudia valen? ne is represented as a powerful individual within the ? rst few pages of the novel. Day establishes her independence and control as a woman with the quote â€Å"no one gets into my room, let alone my bed, without one. † It evokes a sense power and control and challenges the expecta? ons of women, as women are seen weaker in the world. Day also expresses the idea of power exceedingly through the antagonist Harry Lavender. Giving his status in the underworld of Sydney, Lavender is considered a man of power. â€Å"I am a famous legend in my ? me† The use of ? rst person narra? on gives the audience a sense of personal connec? on with the inner feelings of Lavender, as well as showing what Lavender sees towards himself. Decep? on is an integral element conveyed in The Life and crimes of Harry Lavender. The idea of decep? on and facades is par? cularly shown though both protagonist and antagonist, as well as Sydney’s duality of light and dark.

Heart Failure Case Study Essay

Your client, Mr. Black, is a 72-year-old man who called his TeleNurse Line from home and, based on the symptoms he described, was advised to go directly to the Emergency Department at his local hospital. His admitting diagnosis is exacerbation of heart failure (HF). His Ht is: 5’9†, Wt. 235 lbs. He states that his usual weight is about 220. Upon admission, his symptoms are: extreme shortness of breath; unable to tolerate lying flat; heavy, aching feeling in his chest; respirations labored @ 32/min.; radial pulse 108 and regular; BP 150/78; color dusky and O2 Sat is 82% on room air; slight diaphoresis; peripheral edema is 3+ pitting, ankle to knee bilaterally and sacral edema is also present. Bilateral BS present with coarse crackles in both lower lobes. He appears frightened and anxious; he states, â€Å"This is the worst it has ever been – please don’t leave me alone.† Past Medical/Social History: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), hypertension, cor pulmonale, emphysema-moderate stage. He smoked 2 packs per day for 35 years, and quit 5 years ago. Hospitalized 3 times previously for HF; the most recent hospitalization was 6 months ago. He is a retired insurance salesperson; married and lives with his wife in a condominium. Sedentary life-style; plays golf occasionally. He skipped his diuretics over the weekend because he was golfing. 1. Which stage of the NYHA classification system and the ACC/AHA staging system would Mr. B’s symptoms best fit within? Why? I think his NYHA classification would be Class II. He has Coronary Artery disease and ordinary activity causes fatigue for him Mr. B’s ACC/AHA stage is Stage D. He has been hospitalized 3 times previously for HF. 2.Discuss the differences between right and left heart failure, consider the   pathophysiology, physiological progression, and signs and symptoms. Left Sided: -The most common -Results from left ventricular dysfunction. This prevents normal forward blood flow causing blood to back up into the left atrium and pulmonary veins. Increased pulmonary pressure causes fluid leakage from pulmonary capillary bed into the interstitial and then the alveoli -Manifests as pulmonary congestion and edema Right Sided: -occurs when right ventricle fails to contract effectively. -Causes a backup of blood into the right atrium and venous circulation. -Venous congestion in the systemic circulation results in jugular venous distention, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, vascular congestion of the GI tract, and peripheral edema -May also result from an acute condition such as right ventricular infarction or pulmonary embolism -Core Pulmonale can also cause right sided HF -Its primary cause is Left sided HF. Left sided HF results in pulmonary congestion and increased pressure in the blood vessels of the lungs. Eventually chronic pulmonary hypertension results in right sided hypertrophy and HF 3. Mr. Black’s orders include: a bedside chest x-ray, ECG, echocardiogram, and the following labs: Troponin I, CK-MB, CBC with differential, BNP, Digoxin level, Electrolytes, Mg++, ABG’s, BUN and creatinine. What is the rationale for performing each of these diagnostics tests? How will the findings/information obtained from the tests be useful in managing Mr. Black’s care? Bedside chest x-ray: ECG Troponin I: present in MIs CK-MB: CBC: BNP: High in patients with HF Digoxin: Electrolytes Mg ABG BUN Creatinine: Mr. Black is stabilized and transferred to the Cardiac Telemetry unit with the following orders: Oxygen at 2-4 liters per nasal cannula to keep O2 Sat > 90% Complete bed rest with HOB elevated 60-90 degrees, legs dependent Saline Lock IVFurosemide (Lasix) 80 mg I.V. push Stat I&OFurosemide (Lasix) 80 mg I.V. push every 8 hr. Daily weight Albuterol Inhaler 2 puffs twice per day Pulse oximetry – continuousK-Dur 10 mg. p.o. daily Foley catheterASA 81 mg p.o. daily TelemetryMetoprolol 100 mg p.o. twice daily Diet: 2 Gm Na Lisinopril 10 mg p.o. daily Fluid restriction of 1000 mL/dayHCTZ 50 mg p.o. daily Code status: Full codeDigoxin 0.25 mg p.o. daily; Hold for HR < 60 bpm Lovenox 60mg SQ every 12 hrsDucosate sodium 100 mg p.o. daily 4. Discuss the rationale for each of the orders above Patients with HF typically have oxygenation problems Furosemide is a loop diuretic Daily Weight- water retention Pulse ox- monitor O2 Foley Catheter: monitor output and on bed rest K Dur: ASA Metoprolol: beta blocker that treats high BP Lisinopril: ACE inhibitor for HTN Lovenox: Prevents and treats clots Fluid Restriction: Excess fluid strains the heart Digoxin: Treats rhythmic problems Ducosate: Stool Softener 5. Identify 3 priority nursing diagnoses to include in the nursing care plan for Mr. Black. Excess fluid volume Decreased cardiac output Impaired gas exchange 6. What changes/assessment findings would alert the nurse that Mr. Black’s condition is worsening? Fatigue and dyspnea continue to worsen, weight continues to increase, edema and chest pain worsens, pleural effusion and dysrhythmias begin to develop, hepatomegaly, and renal failure begins to occur Mr. Black responds well to the treatment plan and his acute symptoms resolve within 3 days. His weight returns to 220 lbs. and he is able to perform his ADL’s with minimal SOB and able to sleep comfortably with 2 pillows. Discharge plans are finalized. 7. Which state of the NYHA Classification system and the ACC/AHA staging system Would Mr. Black’s symptoms now fit? NYHA- Class II ACCF/AHA- Stage C 8. Select 2 discharge topics (your choice) to focus on. Discuss what should be included in the discharge teaching plan for Mr. B. (and his wife) for each topic. Activity and rest: exercise training can improve symptoms of HF, however Mr. B needs to understand that he will need lots of rest during and after exercise and that he shouldn’t overexert himself. Teach Mr. B’s wife to monitor his exercise and encourage him to take breaks when needed Drug therapy: Teach Mr. B and his wife the expected action of all his medication and how to recognize drug toxicity. Also teach him and his wife how to take a pulse rate and what range the pulse rate should be in. Teach them the symptoms of hypokalemia and hyperkalemia if diuretics are order. Self BP monitoring may also be appropriate in Mr. B’s situation. Heart Failure New York Heart Association Classification American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines Treatment Recommendations Stage A. People at high risk of developing heart failure (HF) but without structural heart disease or symptoms of HF -Treat hypertension, lipid disorders, diabetes. -Encourage patient to stop smoking and to exercise regularly. -Discourage use of alcohol, illicit drugs. -ACE inhibitor if indicated Class I. Patients with cardiac disease without limitations of physical activity. Ordinary physical activity doesn’t cause undue fatigue, palpitations, dyspnea, or anginal pain. Stage B. People who have structural heart disease but no symptoms of HF. -All stage A therapies -ACE inhibitor unless contraindicated -Beta-blocker unless contraindicated Class II. Patients with cardiac disease who have slight limitations of physical activity. They’re comfortable at rest. Ordinary physical activity results in fatigue, palpitations, dyspnea, or anginal pain. Class III. Patients with cardiac disease who have marked limitation of physical activity. They’re comfortable at rest. Less than ordinary physical activity causes fatigue, palpitations, dyspnea, or anginal pain. Stage C. People who have structural heart disease with current or prior  symptoms of heart failure. -All stage A & B therapies -Sodium-restricted diet -Diuretics -Digoxin -Avoid or withdraw antiarrhythmic agents, most calcium channel blockers, and nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs. -Consider aldosterone antagonists, angiotensin receptor blockers, hydralazine, and nitrates. Class IV. Patients with cardiac disease who can’t carry out any physical activity without discomfort. Symptoms of cardiac insufficiency or of the anginal syndrome may be present even at rest. Any physical activity increases discomfort. Stage D. People with refractory heart failure that requires specialized interventions. -All therapies for A, B, and C -Mechanical assist device, such as biventricular pacemaker or left ventricular assist device -Continuous inotropic therapy -Hospice care Caboral, M. & Mitchell J. (2003). New guidelines for heart failure focus on prevention. The Nurse   Practitioner, 28, 22. Evaluation of Edema Four-point scale 1+ to 4+: 1+ – pitting barely detectable 4+ – pitting persistent and deep (1† or 2.54 cm.)

Enron Collapse

What are the main reasons that Enron collapsed? I think the reasons for the collapse are three fold. Firstly Enron’s accounting practices(mark to market accounting- companies estimate how much revenue a deal is going to bring in and state that number in their earnings the moment the contract is signed) Its managements goal was to maintain the appearance of value by always having rising stock prices rather than focus on creating real value for the company.Secondly its reliance on Special Purpose Entities to constantly raise capital without increasing its indebtedness. It allowed losses to be kept off the books while assets to be stated. Enron had its own executives manage these partnerships and would make the deals work by guaranteeing that if whatever they had to sell off declined in value, enron would make up the difference in its own stock. So basically it was selling part of itself to itself.It was these financial bolications to the SPE’s that ended up triggering the collapse. Thirdly its lack of a truly independent auditor to stand up to Enron ultimately caused its downfall. 2. Do you think Enron could have survived? I think if the company had acted internally when Sharon Watkins reported suspicious accounting, and dealt with it internally , Im sure the share prices would have dropped upon reporting of the actual financials but maybe the company could have avoided bankruptcy. 3.Crisis Management Consultant of Arthur Anderson, what would your advice be to the CEO? I think I would have admitted the absurdity of performing both auditing and consulting functions I maybe would have focused on the hiring of of Arthur anderson employees as enron employees, who then managed the affairs of their old colleagues. Ethical lines got blurred. Then use this platform to lead the industry to reforms and act oversear of how to avoid their mistakes and breakdowns of communication within their corporation.

Culture Shock Essay

Having been raised in a traditional Mexican family, I thought that growing up I had a good understanding about the Mexican culture and families. However, I was seriously mistaken upon returning to Mexico for a family vacation. I was expecting to go across the border and experience things similar to what we have in the States, but that was not the case. The experience is completely different and charmingly appealing. The infrastructure is nothing compered to what we have here, the family values are very different and how people would spend their time. When I first arrived in Mexico I was shocked at their way of living. Just seeing the buildings that they call home was enough. The roads were just as bad. Seeing these things for the first time was a he eye opener. The houses were practically falling apart. As we were driving through the town to get to my aunts house, I was thinking to myself â€Å"So this what my parents called home.† And at that moment I started to feel more thankful for everything I had back home. In Mexico I also realized that the value family over individualism. For example, after being at my aunt’s house for a while I asked my cousin if she ever planned to get married (that’s me knowing that she is already 32 years old). She replied to me â€Å"No I don’t, because then that would mean that I would have to move out with my husband and leave my parents.† I was completely shocked by this because I never thought of my parents in that way. In Mexico they find it shameful to put elderly people in nursing homes. This made me think â€Å"Would I be a horrible person if I dare to think of putting and older family member I a nursing home?† When I was in Mexico I was so surprised that I would have this part of a  culture shock. People in Mexico do almost the exact same thing that we do here for fun (depending on their money situations). They go to the movies, and parties and they go to the mall that they have there. Everyone in this world goes through culture shock at one point in his or her life. And it usually is with another culture completely different than theirs. Mine just happened to be the same as my culture. After experiencing this culture shock I felt like I wasn’t really connected to my roots and that I felt more â€Å"Americanized†. Just because I look ‘Mexican’ and speak Spanish and eat Mexican foods doesn’t make me like the people who live in Mexico. Seeing their infrastructure and the way they value family and how they spend their free time made the realize that its good to be different, because that way you can enlighten all kinds of people with your personal experiences.

Economics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economics - Research Paper Example On micro level economy does not affect our business. We are the leading cement manufacturers in the region and have more than 65% of the sales. Export and local requirement for cement remains constant until economy faces a major crunch. We are the trend setters in the industry. The requirement for research and development to produce new products makes it a competitive industry. And this cut throat competition makes me enjoy my business and triggers me to think something different and new all the time. We have state of the art systems at plants for all the process, from extraction of raw materials to manufacturing and sales of the products. Entire production is monitored by automated systems. Offices are less advanced in IT and use basic information systems to perform day to day work. My future goals for the company is to expand its production capacity, export of cement to Asia wide countries. To implement a system that will analyze the bulk capacity of cement in market and warehouses. And increase the growth rate of the company with more educated staff and efficient capacity. We provide three kinds of call centre services to the industry. Call centre services, automated voice hosting services and call centre consulting services. We provide out sourced services and services to local companies as well. We market our products to companies looking for out sourcing their call centre services. Our target market are local companies. We prefer local companies because it is cost effective to provide assistance with our local resources. We have a qualified staff of 800 people who are fluent in Arabic and English for providing call centre solutions. Segment of marketing different products generates the maximum profit. More than 60% of the companies take services of call centers to sale their products. It also satisfies the customers quickly leading to increase in sales figures. Changes

John Gerard Ruggie Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

John Gerard Ruggie - Article Example with Regard to Human Rights and secondly the author’s mandate on the issue of human rights that he presented as a special representative of the united nations. The norms drafted by the UN were said to be a pioneering measure to ascertain the provision of basic human rights in a business setup on an international level. Even though it was accepted by the United Nation’s Sub-Commission for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, its parent body, the human rights commission UN failed to accept it. According to the author, this norm had several loopholes that could have resulted to this case. Firstly, the norms included all other business enterprises and not just the transnational. With 77000 transnational firms all over the world, globalization encourages them to spread its operations and supply chain all over the world. However, every country has a different and completely new system of socio political environment and a set of laws. The issue debates whether an international law binding is enough for the subsidiaries operation in different countries as a lapse on the subsidiary’s part may hold the parent company responsib le. In the general obligations section of the draft norms, the human rights laws are proposed in detail incorporating aspects like discrimination, security, even debated areas like environmental rights and indigenous community’s rights. However, it failed to propose the scope of the spheres of influence under which these need to be practiced. Neither did it mention the primary and secondary nature of state and corporate duties respectively. The author took into account these pitfalls of the draft norms and proposed in his mandate measures that incorporated existing international corporations, their practices in order to decrease the gap between human rights and corporate activities internationally. The proposed strategies by the author strengthen the draft norms by correcting the existing pitfalls. Firstly, making corporations

Nutrition Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Nutrition - Research Paper Example It mainly consists of proteins, fats, water, carbohydrates as well as macro minerals (Instah, 2010). This topic will cover the importance of proper nutrition for children. Nutrition is vital for child’s development. It can also ward off many diseases and health related problems like obesity, weak bones, and diabetes. It also helps in development of children’s brain which is important for them as they are constantly learning new things during this period. The five nutrients mentioned below are most crucial for child health and body: Fiber: It is needed for healthy growth and proper nutrition. Fiber helps in dealing with the problem of constipation. Foods like legumes, vegetables and wheat are rich in fiber (Harvard School of Public Health, 2010). Antioxidant nutrients: It includes vitamin C, E, mineral selenium and beta-carotene. It helps in improving the child’s immune system. These nutrients are found in foods like tomatoes, cherries, carrots and spinach (Swanson, 1999). Calcium: It is one of the richest minerals found in body and is responsible for the growth of bones. It was found that children between four to eight years need 800 milligrams of calcium per day (Palo Alto Medical Foundation, 2010). Protein: It is another important nutrient for child body. It is present in every tissue of the body. Four to eight year old children need 19 milligrams of protein daily to meet the requirements of protein. It is also important during infancy (Lifeclinic, 2010). Iron: As iron helps in development of brain and its function, it is considered as one of the main nutrients in child’s diet. Deficiency of iron can lead to anemia which results in severe weakness. Foods like meat, seafood, chicken and spinach are rich in iron (Chillemi, 2005). Poor nutrition can result in health problems ranging from small health issues to fatal diseases. The main